Men and Women in Internet and Social Media Real

Introduction: Real Problems in Virtual Communication The differences between genders and the peculiarities of the communication within completely male and completely female mini-societies have always been key issues that allowed a borderline to be drawn between the two genders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Men and Women in Internet and Social Media: Real-Life Stereotypes in the Virtual Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, predetermining men and women’s roles in society, the aspect of communication between the former allow to establish a paradigm for a certain social behavior, which is completely different between the two genders. As Barrett Davidson (2006) stress, â€Å"it has been shown that women and men use email in ways that replicate gender roles and communication style differences in other forms of communication† (133). In the given paper, the specifics of the use of and access to the Internet and social media are discussed. Social Media Use and Access Established long ago and shaped throughout the centuries of human development, the communication within the female and the male mini-communities has taken certain shapes, which, although slightly changed with the advent of feminism, still remain relatively the same, mostly because of the behavioural patterns established for both genders; as Barrett and Davidson (2006) explain, women’s speech patterns â€Å"are asserted in terms of contrast with male norms, which means they are linked with subordinate roles rather than leadership† (p. 10). However, in the sphere of virtual communication and the social media, due to the considerable change of the environment, behavioural patterns might change, which could lead to different attitudes and different specifics of female and male communication and â€Å"suggest new, variant patterns† (Barrett Davidson, 2006, p. 14). By understanding the way new technologies impacts the communication of men and women, it may be possible to determine how the future communication of the two genders will evolve and whether â€Å"using these technologies will retain or change previous research findings about male and female communication patterns, suggest new, variant patterns [†¦]† (Barrett Davidson, 2006, p. 14).Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It seems that the cyberspace, first defined as the â€Å"electronic space of data and representations generated, organized, and presented consistently to all viewers connected to a set of globally-networked computers† (Benedikt, 1993), has become much more than merely a storage of facts and information. Entering the sphere of social media and the Internet, people try to determine their new roles and see if the new space differs from the real one (Munusami Ismali, 2009). However, even though the virtual reality allows users to create any image possible and literally break any stereotypes, people still seemingly prefer to act in their online communications according to the gender roles which they have in their real life: â€Å"Because of its anonymity, online communication may be more uninhibited. This may in turn lead to more, rather than fewer, gender-based stereotypical comments† (Barrett Davidson, 2006, p. 133). Analyzing the peculiarities of the communication processes carried out via the Internet and social media, one can see the way gender issues impact the atmosphere and the course of the communication among men and in female circles in the virtual life. When the Virtual Borderline Is Washed Away Online communication differs greatly from the real-life communication, mostly because of the lack of visual support and non-verbal communication. In most cases, the people involved in online communication cannot see each others’ facia l expressions and gestures; as Jones (1998) explained, among the needs that have not been fully satisfied yet, â€Å"the primacy of the visual, the tendency toward the image† (p. 10) â€Å"is being developed† (p. 10). Therefore, allegedly, a user can bend the communication rules much harder in online conversation and reinvent his/her image and even the image of a certain social layer as a whole.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Men and Women in Internet and Social Media: Real-Life Stereotypes in the Virtual Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, at times, the lack of visual or audio information allows to erase the gender differences and make it easier for women to integrate into the online communication. F or instance, the infamous problem concerning the way women’s voices differ from those of men is removed: â€Å"I am convinced that the belief that women’s voice s are high-pitched and shrill is one way of disqualifying women from public speaking† (Spender, 1998, p. 40). The Internet and Men: A King in His Castle When taking a closer look at the way in which men communicate in their online communities, one can see distinctly that the internet and the social media are highly gendered and that there is a certain line drawn between the communication within masculine and feminine circles (Ono Zavodny, 2002). Male communication patterns are quite different and the way men socialize online presupposes different approaches (Munusami Ismali, 2009). To top it all, the aims of men and women in their online conversations and the use of social media are quite different – while women pursue a chance to plunge into a relaxing atmosphere and exchange their impressions with each other, men tend to see the Internet and the social media as a way to establish their superiority, take the lead and train their skills in arguing and drawing conclusi ons (Barrett Davidson, 2006). Taking online conversations as another variation of a hunting game where they have either to lose or to win, men use the Internet as the training ground for their skills. The Media Access: Be the Leader Like in most spheres, men tend to be leaders even in the access to the Internet (Ono Zavodny, 2002). Despite the fact that gender inequality is already a history in most countries, women still have less access to the Internet than men, as Ono and Zavodny (2002) claim.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the latter, â€Å"about 5 percentage points more likely than women to have access to the Internet in 1996 and 1998 – a statistically insignificant gap – but the gap increased to 10 percentage in 1999 and was significant† (p. 3). As the authors assert, the difference in the rates of access opportunities between men and women can be explained by the lack of technical skills among women (Ono Zavodny, 2003). Media Usage: Veni, Vidi, Vici According to Spender (1998), the way men communicate in real and virtual life is developed â€Å"in the interest of promoting their own primacy† (p. 151). Therefore, men use the Internet and the social media in the same way as they address the issues of the real life, which involves â€Å"such masculine behaviours as verbal dueling, arguing, dominating the floor, being cool and reserved† (Cameron, 2000, p. 88), which must be stemming from the well-known â€Å"masculine social privilege† (p. 145). H ence, it appears that men try to establish their superiority with the help of the online communication, thus, enhancing their status even more and reaching the top of their leadership career. According to what Jones (1998) says, the amount of time taken by men during the use of the social media is much greater than the time women usually spend: â€Å"[†¦] if we consider amount of time spent on computers, the type of equipment, and the influence on programming, everywhere the technologically elite overwhelmingly are men† (p. 109). Internet and Women: Treading the New Territory It can be suggested that the media tend to reinforce social and gender stereotypes for adults and, especially, children, offering certain role models to follow and certain patterns which people have to accept as the only ones that are suitable. As Cameron (1992) emphasizes in her Feminism and linguistic theory, Children are treated differently according to sex both inside and outside the family from the moment they are born. Gendered behaviors are modeled or hem, and explicitly taught to them. Peer groups and social institutions (like schooling and mass media) reinforce norms of masculinity and femininity all the time. All these social processes are embedded in language, and all of them contribute to a child’s linguistic development. (p. 181) Therefore, the behavioural patterns among women in Internet and social media display the typical communication style similar to the one which is accepted in the real-life environment: according to the Gender styles in CMC research (n.d.), women â€Å"†¦displayed features of attenuation — hedging, apologizing, asking questions rather than making assertions†¦ [and] and a personal orientation, revealing thoughts and feelings and interacting with and supporting others.† Such stereotypes contribute to shaping children’s vision of gender and sexuality, which prevents from various sexual deviations (Cameron Kulick, 2003). However, it could be argued that such stereotypical perceptions of people are not the kind of attitude that the 21st century world should experience. Thus, it is rather doubtful that the Internet and social media will revolutionize the sphere of female communication and provide the changes that will offer at least a slight change in the social patterns of female communication. The Media Access: New Experience The access to the media in present days seems hardly an issue; owing to the gender equality principles which have already been established, women and men should have the same amount of opportunities in media access (Ono Zavodny, 2002). Since women are no longer oppressed by men, it must be supposed that women should have the same chances to access Internet as men do. Indeed, as Munusami and Ismali (2009) say, However, if we look into today’s education opportunity and technology advancement, Internet access and gender imbalance is not as significant as th e access is readily available for both genders. In other words, there is a democratic space to which both genders have equal excess to the Internet. However, despite all the equal excess opportunity, gender differences are still apparent in the extent and purpose of its usage. (309) In addition, despite the fact that the access to Internet often demands the technical skills and knowledge which men typically possess, women obviously access Internet almost as frequently as men; according to the statistical data offered by James Stewart (n.d.), women access the Internet in 41.8% of cases, while men make 58.2% of users who access the Internet efficiently (5). Hence, women have fewer opportunities to access the Internet. The Media Usage: Careful Exploration In terms of certain violations that users commit when using social media, men display tendencies to practice interruption of communication much more frequently than women; as Coates (2004) explains, the given specifics of male convers ational strategies stems from childhood: â€Å"Sociolinguistic researchers have found that boys in secondary schools interrupt others more than girls do† (p. 192). Rather similar to the latter, though considerably milder, the approach of overlapping is quite a widespread phenomenon for a conversation among women, which allows to suggest that the female communication is also flawed; however, as Coates (2004) explains, overlapping technique is more frequent â€Å"in mixed conversation† (p. 137). Still, it is important to note that the overlapping technique used by women in their communication serves a different purpose from the one of interruption. While the latter is used to demonstrate power and leadership, overlapping keeps the conversation going and prevents its ceasing or becoming uncomfortable and â€Å"may come into conflict over overlapping talk† (Coates, 2004, p. 137). However, the percentage of women using the Internet still remains lower than the percen tage of men; according to Stewart (n.d.), only 41.6% of the Internet users make women, while men make the remaining 58.4% (5). In addition, out of 41.6% of all Internet female users, 41% are at-home users, as Stewart (n.d.) explains. Gendering of the Access to and Use of the Internet: The Comparison To understand how access to and use of the Internet and social media are gendered, one has to compare the peculiarities of the ways in which men and women communicate online. Therefore, the specifics of the online behavior, the perception of both genders online by their partners in conversation and the typical topics of their conversations must be discussed. Thus, the full picture of the online gender issues and the most widespread stereotypes can be obtained and a complete analysis will be conducted. Men and Women in Social Media: The Similarities It is rather peculiar that, disregarding the differences between the two genders, men and women actually display certain similarities in thei r communication strategies, such as the practice of overlapping (Coates, 2004, p. 137). Transferring these strategies into the sphere of the online conversation, both genders create relatively similar patterns of behavior, which make it possible to suggest that the online space can be used as the grounds for breaking the stereotypical ideas about the way men and women communicate. However, taking a closer look at the way women and men nowadays access the social media, it becomes clear that in present days, women and men have relatively equal chances of accessing the Internet and other social media. According to what Munusami and Ismali (2009) say, both genders have the same opportunities in accessing the Internet and seem to make efficient use of their chances: If we look into today’s education opportunity and technology advancement, Internet access and gender imbalance is not as significant as the access is readily available for both genders. In other words, there is a democ ratic space to which both genders have equal excess to the Internet. (p. 309) Therefore, as for access to the Internet and social media, women and men have presumably the same opportunities. Therefore, the access to the social media is gendered according to the modern idea of equality between a man and a woman. Hence, there is very little difference in the specifics of access to the social media between men and women. Men and Women in Social Media: The Differences Mostly because of the fact that people transfer their real-life social roles into the virtual space, men and women display patterns in their online communication, which are similar to those which they demonstrate in real life, e.g., men play the part of leaders, while women prefer not to get involved into online arguments and conflicts, which, according to Barrett and Davidson, â€Å"women were less likely to resolve† (Barrett Davidson, 2006, p. 212). When it comes to the actual use of the Internet and the social m edia, it can be considered that women are more likely to structure their own style of relationships and create their own universe based on the ideas and patterns introduced earlier by men: â€Å"Men certainly play a pathfinder role in adoption of technology, through particular employment distribution, interests, resources and as a result of marketing, but women quickly follow† (Stewart, n.d., p. 5). Creating their cyberspace reality, in most cases women follow the strategy that men used earlier, and do not attempt to create any new concept, thus, only evolving, but not revolutionizing the virtual communication patterns, softening them to make these patterns more â€Å"feminine†: â€Å"Some findings are that men tend to interrupt, take long, sole-speaker turns, and use direct forms, while women tend to use indirect or modalizing strategies† (Barrett Davidson, 2006, p. 52). In the sphere of online communication, men tend to take matters in their own hands, prefer ring to manage the entire process of communication (Cameron, 1998), leading even to the situation when women are isolated from the communication process. Such actions are quite rough, yet rather typical of the male population of Internet users. According to one of the examples offered by Jones (1998), there are certain pages on the Web that have high traffic, with mostly men having online conversations, for instance, in the sphere of business. Men and Women in Social Media: The Results Nevertheless, one must admit that, in certain cases, men and women display complete equality concerning the use of Internet and social media, without splitting into certain categories and showing specific patterns of communication. According to what Al-Deen Iendricks (2011) say, â€Å"However, Gerlich, Browning, and Westermann (2010) found no significant differences between male and female college students in their Internet usage, social media usage, or beliefs about social media sites in generalâ⠂¬  (p. 139). Nevertheless, most people tend to transfer the specifics of their real-life communication in the Internet and social media. Thus, the typical split between male and female culture exists. Whilst allowing the culture of genders to remain stable, the Internet and social media have made it considerably more flexible: â€Å"Our results indicate that there is no longer a gender gap in Internet usage. However, there continues to be a gender gap in frequency and intensity of use, although this gap appears to have diminished over time† (Ono Zavodny, 2002, p. 11). Conclusion: Gender Issues in Virtual Communication It can be concluded that the development of virtual communication and social media allows women and men explore new tactics of communication. Despite the fact that the first steps made by women in the sphere of the online communication and social media life are quite careful, it could be suggested that that the shift in gender roles owes much to the modern so cial media. Although the social media powered by online communication can be used as a powerful weapon to establish even more prejudices concerning the role of a man and a woman in the present-day world, it is evident that women can try a relatively new behaviour within the boundaries of the Internet and may then stretch it even further, into the real-world social life, which will enable the eradication of numerous stereotypes. Reference List Al-Deen, N H, Iendricks, J 2011, Social media: usage and impact, Lexington Books, Idaho Falls, ID. Barrett, M, Davidson, M 2006, Gender and communication at work, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK. Benedikt, M L 1993, Cityspace, cyberspace, and the spatiology of information, the University of Texas in Austin, Austin, TX. Web. Cameron, D 1992, Feminism and linguistic theory, Macmillan, Basingstoke, NY. Cameron, D 1998, The feminist critique of language: a reader, Routledge, London, UK. Cameron, D 2000, Good to talk?, SAGE, London, UK. Cameron, D Kulick, D 2003, Language and sexuality, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Coates, J 2004, Women, men and languages, 3rd edn, Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, UK. Gender styles in computer-mediated communication, n.d., Georgetown.edu. Web. Jones, S (ed.) 1998, Cybersociety: revisiting computer-mediated communication and  community, SAGE, London, UK. Munusami, K Ismali, M (2009). â€Å"Influence of role on Internet usage patterns at home among academicians†, Journal of International Social Research, 2(9), 308-318. Ono, H, Zavodny, M (2002). Gender and the Internet. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA. Spender, D 1998, Man made language, Routledge, London, UK. Stewart, J n.d., Chapter 2: information society, the Internet and fender. A summary of pan-European statistical data. Web. This essay on Men and Women in Internet and Social Media: Real-Life Stereotypes in the Virtual Communication was written and submitted by user Nakia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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The Awakening essays In the novels The Awakening,Huckleberry Finn and The Life of Fredrick Douglass,the search for freedom and authenticity is reflected through characters like Huck, Edna , Jim and Fredrick Douglass .All of these characters have are the rebellions to their societies' demands and they are desperate to seek freedom from the burdens of their cultural demands . There are certain similarities between the personalities of Huck and Edna .Edna is struggling to find her "real place " in her socirty . She is oppressed and dealing with sexism . A part of her conscious is aware of this inequality and it stings her soul abusively . An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in the same familiar part of her conscious filled her whole being with a vague anguish . It was like a shadow ,like a mist passing across her soul's summer day . It was strange and unfamiliar ;it was a mood . Page 8 (para 2) She feels repressed and a minority in her society .These feelings sounds like the feelings of being useless and unworthy and their intensity is revealed as feelings of chill in summer time. In the same manner , Huck also feels repressed from the idea of racism and slavery. Just like Edna being a rebel to her society, Huck is in the same boat .His feelings are strong against the inequality with blacks which is revealed when he accompanies Jim in his journey to freedom. He is well aware of his antagonistic behavior but his strong feeling, just as with Edna are hard to ignore ."All right then, I'll go to hell." This statement that he makes several times in the novel is the strongest evidence of his muscular feelings towards freedom . Both Edna and Huck are misfits in their societies and even a threa...

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Employee Empowerment on Customer Satisfaction Employee empowerment and customer satisfaction is one of those terms that everyone thinks they understand, but few really do. Ask a dozen different people and youll get a dozen different answers to the question, What is employee empowerment? In fact, research a dozen organizational theorists and youll get as many answers to the same question. Some writers indicate that empowerment consists of sharing power and authority. Others say that empowerment occurs when the organizations processes are set-up to allow for it. If you keep in mind the secondary dictionary definition of to give faculties or abilities to: enable (Grove, 1971, p.744), with all that this word implies, then you will be on the right track for the purposes. Employee empowerment is a key feature of the modern management style. Empowered employees are expected to perform more effectively as compared to those working in traditional or authoritarian organizational cultures. 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After reading this first part, the reader will have gained a better understanding of the research subject which leads to purpose and related research questions guiding this study. BACKGROUND Global markets have built a competitive environment in business. If the organizations want to remain in the market, they must be inventive in lowering costs and value to customers. So it is essential for an organization to utilize the full potential of its people. But the employees need power and control to make decisions to fulfill the customers needs. According to (Cook, 1992) studies shown that people work with full energy when they feel happy, even they are ready to sacrifice for organizations and give their blood to the company. But when they feel valued and important. They show their involvement in the business. (R Maxwell, 2005) Employees in a service organization and particularly, those who have frequent contacts with the customer usually serve as representatives of both the Organization and their products or services to the customer at contact point. The quality of the service and the satisfaction the customer may derive will be an assessment of the entire service experience. Employees who are empowered in an organization can either portray a positive or negative picture to the customers. PURPOSE STATEMENT The purpose of this survey based quantitative research is to determine and identify the perception of employees about the employee empowerment in banking sector of Pakistan. At what extent these organizations are practicing employee empowerment, and how much this empowerment has impact on service quality and customer satisfaction. In matters concerning financial commitments, investments and spending customers, not only need reassurance that their finances are safe, but also that they are valued for committing their stakes with a particular financial institution. Customers of a bank rely on the services delivered to them by the bank whether they are saving depositing, taking loans, cashing cheques or buying funds, they count on the employees responsible for handling issues relating to them, to deliver high service quality in other to increase their satisfaction. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This research will provide a deep view to the implications of employee empowerment to employees, government, employers, students and the general public who have an interest in the study. The readers will be able to understand new relations between different variables and conceptual understanding of these variables. They will read new concepts in the context of banking sector e.g. organizational image, effectiveness and efficiency and building trust. This research is targeted at the management of organizations within the banking industry, and industries producing highly intangible-dominant services, as suggestion regarding employee empowerment, which when practiced can enhance customer satisfaction and create a good customer- perceived service quality. OBJECTIVES Main objectives of the study is to determine the impact of employee empowerment on customer satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan. General objectives: To determine the impact of employee empowerment on effectiveness and efficiency. To determine the impact of employee empowerment on service quality. To determine the impact of employee empowerment on organizational image. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the impact of employee empowerment on customer satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan? 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Empowerment increase employee motivation and positive orientation towards his work role and finally results in higher productivity.(Watson,2003)over the past few years, traditional management has gone and new democratic approaches has takes its place. Employee empowerment, which came up in 1990s, is known as one of the new management concepts. (Hanold, 1997) However, when the relevant literature is analyzed, this concept is understood to have a longer history than previously thought with its roots Human Rights Movement of 1950 and 1960s, empowerment has rather closely related to the various concepts and techniques designed to democratize the work-place. 2.1 EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY (Conger, Kanangu, 1988) management researchers and practitioners have keen interest in concept of empowerment and related management practices. This interest is due to several reasons. 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According to (Gooronos, 2001), that almost any retailing bank can provide an individual with retailing services, but not every bank manages to treat customers in a way that they are pleased with. Service providers therefore seek to differentiate themselves from their rivals by offering customers higher quality of services than their competitors, which makes the basis of their competition to be defined by their services. (K.Sen, 2008)The nature of services as being intangible, heterogeneous, perishable, produced, and consumed at same time makes it peculiar to deliver, and challenging to organizations to achieve a differentiation from the others. 2.3 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (Spetz, Butler; 2008)In the past years the competition in the banking sector is increasing. There is more choice for the customers and thereby the banks have to work harder to attract customers. (Peter, Waterman, 1982) focused that good organizations align their strategies and goals to the requirement s of their customers .One way is to care employees and empower them. (George 1992)There exists an interaction between the desired results and customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHADOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION Research methodology is defined as the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline or the development of methods, to be applied within a discipline or a particular procedure or set of procedures. It should be noted that methodology is frequently used when method would be more accurate. Methodology includes the following concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry: A collection of theories, concepts or ideas. Comparative study of different approaches. Critique of the individual methods. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods; rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study. This is why scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the researchers. Another key, although arguably imprecise, usage for methodology does not refer to research or to the specific analysis techniques. This often refers to anything and everything that can be encapsulated for a discipline or a series of processes, activities and tasks. Research is the search for knowledge through objectives and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem. It is an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement. It is also pursuit of truth with the help of study observation comparison and experiment and it is the science of studying how a research is done. This chapter outlines the various stages of the research methodology. 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This includes all costs incurred, inclusive of printing, transport, and communication costs. 4.3 OTHER RESOURCES Other resources that the researcher is planning to use are SPSS version 16.0 for this analysis and other statistic analytical tools.

Nine Tomorrows - Will Computers Control the Future? :: Nine Tomorrows Essays

Nine Tomorrows   - Will Computers Control the Future?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People always tend to seek the easy way out looking for something that would make their lives easier.   Machines and tools have given us the ability to do more in less time giving us, at the same time, more comfort. As the technology advances, computers become faster and more powerful. These new machines are enabling us to do more in less time making our lives easier. The increased use of computers in the future, however, might have negative results and impact on our lives.   In the novel Nine Tomorrows Isaac Asimov often criticizes our reliance on computers by portraying a futuristic world where computers control humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the images which Asimov describes in the book is that humans might become too dependent on computers.   In one of the stories, Profession, Asimov writes about people being educated by computer programs designed to educate effortlessly a person. According to the Profession story people would no longer read books to learn and improve their knowledge.   People would rely on the computers rather than "try to memorize enough to match someone else who knows" (Nine Tomorrows, Profession 55). People would not chose to study, they would only want to be educated by computer tapes.   Putting in knowledge would take less time than reading books and memorizing something that would take almost no time using a computer in the futuristic world that Asimov describes.   Humans might began to rely on computers and allow them to control themselves by letting computers educate people. Computers would start teaching humans what computers tell them without having any choice of creativity.   Computers would start to control humans' lives and make humans become too dependent on the computers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another point that is criticized by Asimov is the fact that people might take their knowledge for granted allowing computers to take over and control their lives.   In a story called The Feeling of Power, Asimov portrays how people started using computers to do even simple mathematical calculations.   Over a long period of time people became so reliable on computers that they forgot the simplest multiplication and division rules.

Reflection on Homeostasis Stage Essay

This paper contains my view on Homeostasis balance. In particular, I am reviewing the stage where the fetus is starting to respond to the outside world through a facial expressions or controlled movements, denoting pleasure or disgust. The process of a fetus to be able to accumulate capacities of the external world through mother’s body and take it to the higher level with the growth. The newborn already has an organized behavior that includes feelings, needs and phenomenal survival skills with visual, grasping and auditory stimulations. With all that preparedness to step in to the new environment new baby also carries over a habituated behavior. He has a set point. It is the ideal state of a bodily system. If child’s body detects a discomfort then negative feedback is stepping in and trying to keep the body in the previous, most familiar condition. At first, child’s system will detect the change. Then the body will react to the change and finally will try to stabilize the body to the original state. These changes are bringing a discomfort that can include high blood pressure and increase in heart rate. The symptoms can lead to the anxiety if the set point is getting disturbed to often. This process will not happened if bodily system habituated to repetitive stimulation, attuned to the environment and disturbing effects on physiological condition of the child are absent. As an example, I would like to present a case. A mother brings one-year-old infant to the therapy. The reason for it is inability to ride a car since birth. The child has an accelerated anxiety and vomiting when placed in the car or even seeing a car image. Family has a difficult time to function with the child’s condition. It also brings arguments into marital life. Therapist has a result of physical exam that child is in the good health. During the assessment therapist should look for many reasons why the child has such disturbing behavior. If there is an absence of medical conditions in the child then during the assessment counselor should find out chronological steps of relations between child and a car, parents behavior in relation to the car rides. During the assessment the therapist should create a report about family history ( ) and parents past and present medical history. In this case woman suffered from car claustrophobia during pregnancy. Currently she has occasional car claustrophobia attacks. During pregnancy every time she would get in the car the fetus will react to it by increased movements and accelerated heart rate. Mother knew about possibility of her anxiety transferring to the fetus. Unfortunately, she had to function and take a car rides every day. It should be taking into consideration that at this stage infant have a very close connection to a mother. He can hear her voice, feel her breath, responds to the anxiety and calmness. Also he is already seeking and responding to the environmental conditions. In this case the child already achieved the stage of homeostasis. The infant is in need for mother’s ministrations when getting in the car. The frustration and fussiness followed by anxiety appears when mother does not meet his needs. She can’t provide him a care while fighting car claustrophobia. The child can also have a ge netic predisposition. The car claustrophobia transferred to the baby from one of the parent. As a counselor, I will provide the following therapeutic treatment. First of all, baby should have a several CBT session with the desensitization or exposure therapy. Since the baby also has a strong reaction to the car image. Mother should also attend similar CBT sessions. Since, the infant has a strong interconnection with mother repeating her disorder, a â€Å"specificity of regulatory fittedness between a particular infant and particular caregiver† should be established immediately (Sander 1975). Therapist should emphasize that the caregiving routine, especially if related directly to the car, should be carefully examined and changed if needed. I would also recommend to disable the alertness of the baby during the ride, mother should remain in the most calming state as possible, avoid family arguments before getting into the car, keep positive atmosphere while in the car, surround baby with toys and another entertainment tools. I found the sunglasses could be helpful. It blocks the side vision and car door do not even exist. Headphones, music and favored cartoon can be in use for the baby. Since the baby is closely connected to the mother and capable of having a conversational exchange, mother should talk to the baby during the trip.

Mobile Phones essays

Mobile Phones essays Mobile Phones Progress or Pollutant? The Mobile Phone. Look at a mobile, there probably is one quite close to you right now, so just sit and look at it. Admire its straightforward design, and with that, think what you can do with it. By just pressing the correct arrangement of numbers on this device you can talk to anybody, anywhere as long as you have credit. These days, mobile phones provide an astonishing range of functions, and new ones are being added at a gradual pace. Depending on the model, you can: Keep track of appointments and set reminders Use the built-in calculator for simple math Get information (news, entertainment, stock quotes) from the Internet Integrate other devices such as PDAs, MP3 players and GPS receivers And of course the one and only txt messages Mobile Phones to me are The best thing since sliced bread. The Growth of communications especially the use of mobile phones since the 1980s has revolutionized global business life. The USA is the country with the most mobile phone users with 24 million 134 thousand 421 people and that, ladies and gentlemen was a survey done in 1998. People can communicate better than before with the aid of Mobiles and as I believe Esat are benefiting from it so it looks like an all round good thing. I dont see that mobiles used normally pose a health problem, but some people are using them for 20 30 minutes or more at a time, ant there is vast scientific evidence that there is a hazard to health from that kind of use take Veronica Guieran for example, after her murder the doctors did a post mortem on her and found that her brain had turned grey on one side of her head from overuse of the Mobile phone sh ...

Before phrenology

"Before phrenology all we knew about the brain was, how to slice it" Richard Chenevix, 1828 (Victorian Web). Phrenology was a popular pseudoscience that was founded by Franz Gall. He believed that by examining the bumps on a person's skull, you could determine ones personality characteristics, moral characteristics, and intelligence. Notions such as, are people with large foreheads smarter than people with small foreheads, were at the core of phrenology. This is what led me to pick this topic for this paper. I have always been told I have a large forehead, so I found this topic interesting. By going to hospitals, prisons, and schools Gall gathered evidence to try and support phrenology. By doing this he identified 27 personality characteristics that he believed could be diagnosed by examining areas of the head. He devised maps of the showing the location on the skull of different personality characteristics and abilities. He believed that a large fo!rehead was asso ciated with ones higher intelligence. Gall took his ideas to the general public when his theories started to be ridiculed by other scientists. He began to give "readings" in which he described ones personality based on measuring the bumps on a person's head. Since the mid- nineteenth century, phrenology has been almost completely discredited. Even when it was most popular between the 1830s and 1840s, phrenology was very controversial. It never became an accredited science. Phrenology did become a formalized social activity, which started in Britain. George

Short articles about sex, gender and society Essay - 1

Short articles about sex, gender and society - Essay Example Her decision to be a boy was met with chastisement, as are transgender people (etc.), because they defy the norm of two genders, male and female. In the article about being fat and then losing the weight, she experienced a radically different social sentiment about her. She was labeled as fat, which has stereotypical implications in which society sees the fat individual as, perhaps, stupid and socially irrelevant. When she became thin, people began to praise her, believe in her health-consciousness, and talk about being fat in a negative connotation as though she had evolved and was now smart enough to avoid gaining excessive weight again. None saw the real person, just a label of fat that carried negative social opinion, not allowing society to see the authentic nature of her personality and character. She suddenly found social belonging after losing weight, which again speaks toward society’s prejudices that attempt to define how a person should be categorized within a broader societal context. While in â€Å"Fifty Shades of Gay†, the speaker states that she fits in a gray area, being attracted to both men and women, how society views her is complicated. She had to learn to reject some of this social sentiment to become familiarized with her true self, one that does not fit the stereotypical norms of gender and sexuality. She learned who she truly is: An individual that defies such norms and has learned to find peace and comfort with her own decision-making that is relevant for her own needs and desires. I think that someone knows who they are when they are willing to be somewhat non-conformist to society’s expectations. By getting in touch with what mechanisms drive their sexuality (as one example), they can be confident and satisfied even though the world does not recognize their social significance. The individual discussing her weight loss had a

Tourism in the Kingdom of Jordan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism in the Kingdom of Jordan - Case Study Example It is a small Arab country with not much supply of water and other natural resources like oil. Debt, poverty, and unemployment are fundamental problems, but since 1999, some broad economic reforms have been in place in a long-term effort to improve living standards. Under the leadership of King Abdullah, Jordan's government has taken some concrete steps towards encouraging foreign investment in the country. Key areas where maximum attention is being paid include tourisms and services. The country's economy largely depends on services, tourism and foreign aid. Tourism in general is being developed the world over as a revenue spinning industry Jordan too has an ambitious plan for inviting the attention of the world's touring community towards its vast historic treasures and nature's gifts to the country. Thourhg this study we'd like to analyse; Tourism being one of the key sectors for Jordanian economy, the government of Jordan has realized the potential of this rapidly growing sector, and the government is supporting the industry with aggressive marketing strategy with an aim to promote Jordan as a boutique destination. Despite being in the midst of disturbed surroundings the number of regional tourists is rising sharply. Now the government is paying more attention towards attracting the high-yield visitors from outside the Middle East. In this era of globalisation, tourism is said to drive transnational flows of people, commodities and capital. This flow results in circulation of globally coordinated production networks governed by Multi national corporations in the business of airlines, tour operators and hotel management (Hazbun, 313). As per the studies undertaken by organisation like CountryWatch (83) and Country Insight (3), the flow of tourists has been on an upward journey. The figure below takes a look at the num ber of tourists that arrived in the region for the period 1998-2004. Until the late 1990s Jordan's tourism sector remained hugely underdeveloped, with regional political instability doing most of the damage. Since there was no real effort on the part of the government of Jordan to come out of the shell and market the potentials of the country, the region remained largely un-explored. But with the concepts of globalisation have now made the government understand the benefits of being pro market. In fact Jordan realizes (EIU, 1) that it can't be a direct competitor for other popular Arab holiday destinations like Cairo or Beirut, but now Jordan has actually started selling its holiday proposition by way of offering quiet family holiday. This has materialized in earning revenues as well, which is reflected by some of the key points of tourism industry in Jordan like (Euromonitor, 2); Jordan received US$783 million in tourism receipts in 2004 and this is expected to rise to US$826 million in 2005. Tourism accounts for around 10% of the Kingdom's GDP. Tourism is the largest export sector, the second largest private sector employer and the second most important form of foreign exchange for the country. The